Abstract
This research aims to characterize nitrates as phase change materials (PCM) for energy storage in renewable energy systems. Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3), Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) and Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) have been considered to be characterized by applying differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The heat capacity, thermal stability and microstructure of each material have been evaluated. NaNO2 has the highest enthalpy value (221 kJ.kg−1), has good thermal stability recording a maximum mass loss of 1.7% at 500 °C and its specific heat has been determined to be 1.8 kJ.kg−1.K−1. Generally, all the PCM studied have granular microstructure but have different grain sizes, in addition, they do not have cracks and porosity in their structure.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agyenim, F., Hewitt, N., Eames, P., Smyth, M.: A review of materials, heat transfer and phase change problem formulation for latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTESS). Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 14, 615–626 (2010)
Kousksou, T., Bruel, P., Jamil, A., El Rhafiki, T., Zeraouli, Y.: Energy storage: applications and challenges. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 120(PART A), 59–80 (2014)
Acurio, K., Chico-Proano, A., Martínez-Gómez, J., Ávila, C.F., Ávila, Á., Orozco, M.: Thermal performance enhancement of organic phase change materials using spent diatomite from the palm oil bleaching process as support. Constr. Build. Mater. 192, 633–642 (2018)
Beltrán, R.D., Martínez-Gómez, J.: Analysis of phase change materials (PCM) for building wallboards based on the effect of environment. J. Build. Eng. 24, 100726 (2019)
Forrester, J.: The value of CSP with thermal energy storage in providing grid stability. Energy Procedia 49, 1632–1641 (2014)
Aldás, P.S.D., Constante, J., Tapia, G.C., Martínez-Gómez, J.: Monohull ship hydrodynamic simulation using CFD. Int. J. Math. Oper. Res. 15(4), 417–433 (2019)
Espinoza, V.S., Guayanlema, V., Martínez-Gómez, J.: Energy efficiency plan benefits in Ecuador: long-range energy alternative planning model. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 8(4), 52–54 (2018)
Kastillo, J.P., Martínez, J., Riofrio, A.J., Villacis, S.P., Orozco, M.A.: Computational fluid dynamic analysis of olive oil in different induction pots. In: 1st Pan-American Congress on Computational Mechanics–PANACM 2015, pp. 729–741 (2015)
Kastillo, J.P., Martínez-Gómez, J., Villacis, S.P., Riofrio, A.J.: Thermal natural convection analysis of olive oil in different cookware materials for induction stoves. Int. J. Food Eng. 13(3) (2017)
Rodríguez, D., Martínez-Gómez, J., Guerrón, G., Riofrio, A.: Impact of induction stoves penetration over power quality in Ecuadorian households. Revista ESPACIOS 40(13) (2019)
Martínez-Gómez, J., Ibarra, D., Villacis, S., Cuji, P., Cruz, P.R.: Analysis of LPG, electric and induction cookers during cooking typical Ecuadorian dishes into the national efficient cooking program. Food Policy 59, 88–102 (2016)
Martínez-Gómez, J.: Material selection for multi-tubular fixed bed reactor Fischer-Tropsch reactor. Int. J. Math. Oper. Res. 13(1), 1–29 (2018)
Villacís, S., Martínez, J., Riofrío, A.J., Carrión, D.F., Orozco, M.A., Vaca, D.: Energy efficiency analysis of different materials for cookware commonly used in induction cookers. Energy Procedia 75, 925–930 (2015)
Martínez-Gómez, J., Guerrón, G., Riofrio, A.J.: Analysis of the “Plan Fronteras” for clean cooking in Ecuador. Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy 7(1), 135–145 (2017)
Villacreses, G., Martínez-Gómez, J., Quintana, P.: Geolocation of electric bikes recharging stations: city of Quito study case. Int. J. Math. Oper. Res. 14(4), 495–516 (2019)
Segarra, M., Martorell, I., Cabeza, L.F., Fernandez, A.I., Martínez, M.: Selection of materials with potential in sensible thermal energy storage. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94, 1723–1729 (2010)
Villacreses, G., Gaona, G., Martínez-Gómez, J., Jijón, D.J.: Wind farms suitability location using geographical information system (GIS), based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods: the case of continental Ecuador. Renew. Energy 109, 275–286 (2017)
Martínez, J., Martí-Herrero, J., Villacís, S., Riofrio, A.J., Vaca, D.: Analysis of energy, CO2 emissions and economy of the technological migration for clean cooking in Ecuador. Energy Policy 107, 182–187 (2017)
Kousksou, T., Bruel, P., Jamil, A., El Rha, T., Zeraouli, Y.: Energy storage: applications and challenges. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 120, 59–80 (2014)
Oliver, A., Neila, F.J., García-Santos, A.: Clasificación y selección de materiales de cambio de fase según sus características para su aplicación en sistemas de almacenamiento de energía térmica. Mater. Construcción 62, 131–140 (2012)
Juárez Varón, D., Ferrándiz Bou, S., Balart Gimeno, R.A., García Sanoguera, D.: Estudio de materiales con cambio de fase (PCM) y análisis SEM de micro PCM. 3c Tecnol. 3, 54–77 (2012)
Gaona, D., Urresta, E., Martínez, J., Guerrón, G.: Medium temperature phase change materials thermal characterization by the T-History method and differential scanning calorimetry. Exp. Heat Transf. 30(5), 463–474 (2017)
Lazaro, A., Peñalosa, C., Solé, A., Diarce, G., Haussmann, T., Fois, M., Zalba, B., Gshwander, S., Cabeza, L.F.: Intercomparative tests on phase change materials characterisation with differential scanning calorimeter. Appl. Energy 109, 415–420 (2013)
Bauer, T., Laing, D., Tamme, R.: Characterization of sodium nitrate as phase change material. Int. J. Thermophys. 33(1), 91–104 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-011-1113-9
Kourkova, L., Svoboda, R., Sadovska, G., Podzemna, V., Kohutova, A.: Heat capacity of NaNO2. Thermochim. Acta 491(1–2), 80–83 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2009.03.005
Graeter, F., Rheinlander, J.: Thermische Energiespeicherung mit Phasenwechsel im Bereich von 150 bis 400 °C, 65–75 (2001)
Chango, J.I.: Instrucciones de uso TGA 50 Shimadzu. Quito (2015)
Bauer, T., Breidenbach, N., Eck, M.: Overview of molten salt storage systems and material development for solar thermal power plants, pp. 1–8 (2012)
Raade, J.W., Padowitz, D.: Development of molten salt heat transfer fluid with low melting point and high thermal stability. Sol. Energy Eng. 133, 031013 (2011)
Hoshino, Y., Utsunomiya, T., Abe, O.: Thermal decomposition of sodium nitrate and the effects of several oxides on the decomposition. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 54(5), 1385–1391 (1981)
Gimenez, P., Fereres, S.: Effect of heating rates and composition on the thermal decomposition of nitrate based molten salts. Energy Procedia 69, 654–662 (2015)
Li, C., Yan, N., Ye, Y., Lv, Z., He, X., Huang, J., Zhang, N.: Thermal analysis and stability of boron/potassium nitrate pyrotechnic composition at 180 °C. Appl. Sci. (Switzerland) 9(17) (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/app9173630
Wagner, M., Widmann, G.: Thermal Analysis in Practice. Mettler-Toledo (2009)
Granados, Y.A.: Importancia De Los Ensayos TGA y DSC en el Estudio de las Propiedades Térmicas de Mezclas Asfálticas, Universidad Distrital Francisco José De Caldas (2015)
Solar, P., Gmbh, I.: Survey of thermal storage for parabolic trough power plants period of performance, September 2000
Zalba, B.: Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications. Appl. Therm. Eng. 23(3), 251–283 (2003)
Svoboda, R., Sadovska, G., Podzemna, V., Kohutova, A., Organické, Ú., Av, B.: Heat capacity of NaNO2, July 2009
National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pubchem Compound Database (2017)
Kawakami, M., Suzuki, K., Yokoyama, S., Takenaka, T.: Heat capacity measurement of molten NaNO 3 -NaNO 2 -KNO 3 by drop calorimetry, pp. 201–208 (2004)
Jeong, S.G., Chung, O., Yu, S., Kim, S., Kim, S.: Improvement of the thermal properties of Bio-based PCM using exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 117, 87–92 (2013)
Acknowledgments
This research takes part of the project Selection, characterization and simulation of phase change materials for thermal comfort, cooling and energy storage. This project is part of the INEDITA call for R&D research projects in the field of energy and materials. This research takes part of the project P121819, Parque de Energias Renovables founded by Universidad International SEK.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Orozco, M., Vásquez, F., Martínez-Gómez, J., Acurio, K., Chico-Proano, A. (2021). Nitrate Characterization as Phase Change Materials to Evaluate Energy Storage Capacity. In: Botto-Tobar, M., Zambrano Vizuete, M., Díaz Cadena, A. (eds) Innovation and Research. CI3 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1277. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60467-7_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60467-7_31
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-60466-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-60467-7
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)